Sonia Sotomayor has served as a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second
Circuit since October 1998. She has been hailed as “one of the ablest federal judges currently
sitting” for her thoughtful opinions, and as “a role model of aspiration, discipline, commitment,
intellectual prowess and integrity” for her ascent to the federal bench from an upbringing in a
South Bronx housing project.
Her American story and three decade career in nearly every aspect of the law provide Judge
Sotomayor with unique qualifications to be the next Supreme Court Justice. She is a
distinguished graduate of two of America's leading universities. She has been a big-city
prosecutor and a corporate litigator. Before she was promoted to the Second Circuit by President
Clinton, she was appointed to the District Court for the Southern District of New York by
President George H.W. Bush. She replaces Justice Souter as the only Justice with experience as a
trial judge.
Judge Sotomayor served 11 years on the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, one of the
most demanding circuits in the country, and has handed down decisions on a range of complex
legal and constitutional issues. If confirmed, Sotomayor would bring more federal judicial
experience to the Supreme Court than any justice in 100 years, and more overall judicial
experience than anyone confirmed for the Court in the past 70 years. Judge Richard C. Wesley,
a George W. Bush appointee to the Second Circuit, said “Sonia is an outstanding colleague with
a keen legal mind. She brings a wealth of knowledge and hard work to all her endeavors on our
court. It is both a pleasure and an honor to serve with her.”
In addition to her distinguished judicial service, Judge Sotomayor is a Lecturer at Columbia
University Law School and was also an adjunct professor at New York University Law School
until 2007.
An American Story
Judge Sonia Sotomayor has lived the American dream. Born to a Puerto Rican family, she grew
up in a public housing project in the South Bronx. Her parents moved to New York during
World War II – her mother served in the Women’s Auxiliary Corps during the war. Her father,
a factory worker with a third-grade education, died when Sotomayor was nine years old. Her
mother, a nurse, then raised Sotomayor and her younger brother, Juan, now a physician in
Syracuse. After her father’s death, Sotomayor turned to books for solace, and it was her new
found love of Nancy Drew that inspired a love of reading and learning, a path that ultimately led
her to the law.
Most importantly, at an early age, her mother instilled in Sotomayor and her brother a belief in
the power of education. Driven by an indefatigable work ethic, and rising to the challenge of
managing a diagnosis of juvenile diabetes, Sotomayor excelled in school. Sotomayor graduated
as valedictorian of her class at Blessed Sacrament and at Cardinal Spellman High School in New
York. She first heard about the Ivy League from her high school debate coach, Ken Moy, who
attended Princeton University, and she soon followed in his footsteps after winning a
scholarship.
At Princeton, she continued to excel, graduating summa cum laude, and Phi Beta Kappa. She
was a co-recipient of the M. Taylor Pyne Prize, the highest honor Princeton awards to an
undergraduate. At Yale Law School, Judge Sotomayor served as an editor of the Yale Law
Journal and as managing editor of the Yale Studies in World Public Order. One of Sotomayor’s
former Yale Law School classmates, Robert Klonoff (now Dean of Lewis & Clark Law School),
remembers her intellectual toughness from law school: “She would stand up for herself and not
be intimidated by anyone.” [Washington Post, 5/7/09]
A Champion of the Law
Over a distinguished career that spans three decades, Judge Sotomayor has worked at almost
every level of our judicial system – yielding a depth of experience and a breadth of perspectives
that will be invaluable – and is currently not represented -- on our highest court. New York City
District Attorney Morgenthau recently praised Sotomayor as an “able champion of the law” who
would be “highly qualified for any position in which wisdom, intelligence, collegiality and good
character could be assets.” [Wall Street Journal, 5/9/09]
A Fearless and Effective Prosecutor
Fresh out of Yale Law School, Judge Sotomayor became an Assistant District Attorney in
Manhattan in 1979, where she tried dozens of criminal cases over five years. Spending
nearly every day in the court room, her prosecutorial work typically involved "street
crimes," such as murders and robberies, as well as child abuse, police misconduct, and
fraud cases. Robert Morgenthau, the person who hired Judge Sotomayor, has described
her as a “fearless and effective prosecutor.” [Wall Street Journal, 5/9/09] She was cocounsel
in the “Tarzan Murderer” case, which convicted a murderer to 67 and ½ years to
life in prison, and was sole counsel in a multiple-defendant case involving a Manhattan
housing project shooting between rival family groups.
A Corporate Litigator
She entered private practice in 1984, becoming a partner in 1988 at the firm Pavia and
Harcourt. She was a general civil litigator involved in all facets of commercial work
including, real estate, employment, banking, contracts, and agency law. In addition, her
practice had a significant concentration in intellectual property law, including trademark,
copyright and unfair competition issues. Her typical clients were significant corporations
doing international business. The managing partner who hired her, George Pavia,
remembers being instantly impressed with the young Sonia Sotomayor when he hired her
in 1984, noting that “she was just ideal for us in terms of her background and training.”
[Washington Post, May 7, 2009]
A Sharp and Fearless Trial Judge
Her judicial service began in October 1992 with her appointment to the United States
District Court for the Southern District of New York by President George H.W. Bush.
Still in her 30s, she was the youngest member of the court. From 1992 to 1998, she
presided over roughly 450 cases. As a trial judge, she earned a reputation as a sharp and
fearless jurist who does not let powerful interests bully her into departing from the rule of
law. In 1995, for example, she issued an injunction against Major League Baseball
owners, effectively ending a baseball strike that had become the longest work stoppage in
professional sports history and had caused the cancellation of the World Series the
previous fall. She was widely lauded for saving baseball. Claude Lewis of the
Philadelphia Inquirer wrote that by saving the season, Judge Sotomayor joined “the
ranks of Joe DiMaggio, Willie Mays, Jackie Robinson and Ted Williams.”
A Tough, Fair and Thoughtful Jurist
President Clinton appointed Judge Sotomayor to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
Second Circuit in 1998. She is the first Latina to serve on that court, and has participated
in over 3000 panel decisions, authoring roughly 400 published opinions. Sitting on the
Second Circuit, Judge Sotomayor has tackled a range of questions: from difficult issues
of constitutional law, to complex procedural matters, to lawsuits involving complicated
business organizations. In this context, Sotomayor is widely admired as a judge with a
sophisticated grasp of legal doctrine. “’She appreciates the complexity of issues,’ said
Stephen L. Carter, a Yale professor who teaches some of her opinions in his classes.
Confronted with a tough case, Carter said, ‘she doesn’t leap at its throat but reasons to get
to the bottom of issues.’” For example, in United States v. Quattrone, Judge Sotomayor
concluded that the trial judge had erred by forbidding the release of jurors’ names to the
press, concluding after carefully weighing the competing concerns that the trial judge’s
concerns for a speedy and orderly trial must give way to the constitutional freedoms of
speech and the press.
Sotomayor also has keen awareness of the law’s impact on everyday life. Active in oral
arguments, she works tirelessly to probe both the factual details and the legal doctrines in
the cases before her and to arrive at decisions that are faithful to both. She understands
that upholding the rule of law means going beyond legal theory to ensure consistent, fair,
common-sense application of the law to real-world facts. For example, In United States v.
Reimer, Judge Sotomayor wrote an opinion revoking the US citizenship for a man
charged with working for the Nazis in World War II Poland, guarding concentration
camps and helping empty the Jewish ghettos. And in Lin v. Gonzales and a series of
similar cases, she ordered renewed consideration of the asylum claims of Chinese women
who experienced or were threatened with forced birth control, evincing in her opinions a
keen awareness of those women’s plights.
Judge Sotomayor’s appreciation of the real-world implications of judicial rulings is
paralleled by her sensible practicality in evaluating the actions of law enforcement
officers. For example, in United States v. Falso, the defendant was convicted of
possessing child pornography after FBI agents searched his home with a warrant. The
warrant should not have been issued, but the agents did not know that, and Judge
Sotomayor wrote for the court that the officers’ good faith justified using the evidence
they found. Similarly in United States v. Santa, Judge Sotomayor ruled that when police
search a suspect based on a mistaken belief that there is a valid arrest warrant out on him,
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evidence found during the search should not be suppressed. Ten years later, in Herring v.
United States, the Supreme Court reached the same conclusion.
In her 1997 confirmation hearing, Sotomayor spoke of her judicial philosophy, saying” I
don’t believe we should bend the Constitution under any circumstance. It says what it
says. We should do honor to it.” Her record on the Second Circuit holds true to that
statement. For example, in Hankins v. Lyght, she argued in dissent that the federal
government risks “an unconstitutional trespass” if it attempts to dictate to religious
organizations who they can or cannot hire or dismiss as spiritual leaders. Since joining
the Second Circuit, Sotomayor has honored the Constitution, the rule of law, and justice,
often forging consensus and winning conservative colleagues to her point of view.
A Commitment to Community
Judge Sotomayor is deeply committed to her family, to her co-workers, and to her community.
Judge Sotomayor is a doting aunt to her brother Juan’s three children and an attentive godmother
to five more. She still speaks to her mother, who now lives in Florida, every day.
At the courthouse, Judge Sotomayor helped found the collegiality committee to foster stronger
personal relationships among members of the court. Seizing an opportunity to lead others on the
path to success, she recruited judges to join her in inviting young women to the courthouse on
Take Your Daughter to Work Day, and mentors young students from troubled neighborhoods
Her favorite project, however, is the Development School for Youth program, which sponsors
workshops for inner city high school students. Every semester, approximately 70 students attend
16 weekly workshops that are designed to teach them how to function in a work setting. The
workshop leaders include investment bankers, corporate executives and Judge Sotomayor, who
conducts a workshop on the law for 25 to 35 students. She uses as her vehicle the trial of
Goldilocks and recruits six lawyers to help her. The students play various roles, including the
parts of the prosecutor, the defense attorney, Goldilocks and the jurors, and in the process they
get to experience openings, closings, direct and cross-examinations. In addition to the workshop
experience, each student is offered a summer job by one of the corporate sponsors. The
experience is rewarding for the lawyers and exciting for the students, commented Judge
Sotomayor, as “it opens up possibilities that the students never dreamed of before.” [Federal Bar
Council News, Sept./Oct./Nov. 2005, p.20] This is one of many ways that Judge Sotomayor
gives back to her community and inspires young people to achieve their dreams.
She has served as a member of the Second Circuit Task Force on Gender, Racial and Ethnic
Fairness in the Courts and was formerly on the Boards of Directors of the New York Mortgage
Agency, the New York City Campaign Finance Board, and the Puerto Rican Legal Defense and
Education Fund.